8 Theory Of Motivation

Def :: Force that cause and individual behave in specific ways.

• internal process, not something a manager can "do" to a person.

1st theory : motivation theory (individual needs) 

• 2 type
• Primary need (food,water,sleep)  **External
• Secondary need (desire 4 power,achievement, goals) **Internal

2nd theory : Abraham Moslow's heirarchy of Need Theory

• "Need" as physiological/psychological deficiency that a person feel compulsion to satisfy
• It create tension that influence a person work attitude & behaviour.
• It say human are motivated by multiple needs and these need exist in hierarchical order.
• Only unsatisfied need can influence behaviour. Satisfy need is not a motivator.

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Love & Belongings
4. Esteem
5. Self Actualization

3rd theory : Hertzberg's Two Factor Theory

*Fredrick Herzberg*

• 2 type
• Hygiene Factor (Salary,job security,work condition,organisation policy)
• Satisfier/Motivator (Responsibilities,Achievement,Growth Opportunity,Sense of recognition)

4th theory : motivation theory (Behaviour)

• Explan how worker select their behavioural action to meet their need and determine their choice.

5th theory : Equity theory

*J.Stacy.Adam*

• Worker compare the reward potential to the effort they must expand

6 theory : Expectancy Theory

*Victor Vroom*

• Understanding of individual goal and relationship between effort and performance, performance and reward and between reward and individual goal satisfaction
• Employee ll be high motivated when he or she believe that
• Effort lead to good performance appraisal
• Performance appraisal lead to Organisation reward
• Organisation reward ll satisfy his/her personal goals.

7. Reinforcement Theory

*E.L. Thorndike's LaW*

• Look at the relationship between behaviour and its consequences
• Postive reinforcement (pay raise or promotion)
• Avoidance (attempt to show an employee what the consequences of improper behaviour)
• Extinction (ignoring, not providing either +ve or -ve reinforcement)
• Punishment (threats,docking pay, suspension) to decrease lilkelihood of behaviour recUrring

8. Goal-Setting Theory

*Edwin Locke*

• Intention to work towards a goal are a major source of work motivation
• Four other factors influence the goal-performance relationship
• Employee must committed to the goal.
• Employee believe he is capable performing the tast.
• Task involve should be simple,familiar & independant.
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